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Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

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Slime Rancher is the tale of Beatrix LeBeau, a plucky, young rancher who sets out for a life a thousand light years away from Earth on the 'Far, Far Range' where she tries her hand at making a living wrangling slimes. With a can-do attitude, plenty of grit, and her trusty vacpack, Beatrix attempts to stake a claim, amass a fortune, and avoid. Hagfish defend themselves from fish predators by producing large volumes of gill-clogging slime when they are attacked. The slime consists of seawater and two major components that are ejected from the slime glands: mucus and threads. The threads are produced within specialized cells and packaged into intricately coiled bundles called skeins. Skeins are kept from unraveling via a protein. New Lisp is an easy install from the OS X gui, installed from a OS X package (making it the easiest install of all lisps except, perhaps, for PLT Scheme). I do recommend using a some form of IDE, be it Emacs + Slime or the LispWorks or Clozure IDEs. People use other editors, but those are the ones that have been tailored most to programming in.

Publication Date

11-22-2019 Blender computer software.

Abstract

Hagfish defend themselves from fish predators by producing large volumes of gill-clogging slime when they are attacked. The slime consists of seawater and two major components that are ejected from the slime glands: mucus and threads. The threads are produced within specialized cells and packaged into intricately coiled bundles called skeins. Last day of spring mac os. Skeins are kept from unraveling via a protein adhesive that dissolves when the skeins are ejected from the slime glands. Previous work revealed that hagfish slime glands have high concentrations of methylamines including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), trimethylglycine (betaine) and dimethylglycine (DMG); however, the function of these compounds in the slime glands is unknown. We hypothesized that methylamines have stabilizing effects on the skeins that prevent premature unraveling in the gland. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the effect of methylamines on skein unraveling in Pacific hagfish and found that TMAO and betaine have inhibitory effects on skein unraveling in vitro. Furthermore, we found that TMAO is a more effective inhibitor of unraveling than betaine, but the presence of TMAO synergistically boosts the inhibitory action of betaine. Glycine and DMG were far less effective inhibitors of unraveling at natural concentrations. Our results support the hypothesis that high levels of trimethylamines in the slime glands may act to hold the coiled thread skeins together within gland thread cells, and they may do so by stabilizing adhesive proteins. These results advance our knowledge of skein stabilization and deployment and provide yet another example of trimethylamines functioning to stabilize proteins in a marine organism.

Recommended Citation

Jain, G., Starksen, M., Singh, K., Hoang, C., Yancey, P., McCord, C., and Fudge, D.S. (2019). Colorful moves mac os. High concentrations of trimethylamines in slime glands inhibit skein unraveling in Pacific hagfish. J. Exp. Biol.222, jeb213793. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.213793

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